動作百科 Exercise Encyclopedia
86 個動作,按肌群排列。有研究排名的動作會顯示名次和理由,沒有的提供基本資訊。點擊動作名稱看完整資料。 86 exercises organized by muscle group. Ranked exercises show placement and rationale.
目標切換:增肌排名和力量排名不同——同一個動作在不同目標下的「性價比」不一樣。 Rankings differ by goal — the same exercise may rank differently for hypertrophy vs strength.
胸 Chest
10 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 槓鈴臥推 Barbell Bench Press 最多證據支持的胸肌訓練動作。多項研究顯示高度胸大肌激活,且全程動作產生更多機械功(每次重複283J vs 部分動作164… Most evidence-supported chest exercise. Multiple studies sho… | ✓ | |
| 2 | 啞鈴臥推 Dumbbell Bench Press 研究顯示與槓鈴臥推有相似的肌肉激活和力量遷移效果。允許更大的動作幅度和單側訓練,對肌肉平衡發展有益… Research shows similar muscle activation and strength transf… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 上斜啞鈴臥推 Incline Dumbbell Press 針對上胸(鎖骨部)的最佳選擇。研究顯示中性握法的坐姿推胸比標準臥推產生20%更高的上胸激活… Best choice for upper chest (clavicular portion). Research s… | ✓ | |
| 4 | 滑輪飛鳥 Cable Fly 提供恆定張力曲線,特別在肌肉伸展位置。研究建議結合槓鈴臥推和纜繩動作可覆蓋完整動作範圍… Provides constant tension curve, especially at stretched pos… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 窄握臥推 Close-Grip Bench Press | — | |
| — | 雙槓撐體 Dip | — | |
| — | 啞鈴飛鳥 Dumbbell Fly | ✓ | |
| — | 上斜槓鈴臥推 Incline Barbell Bench | ✓ | |
| — | 機械式胸推 Machine Chest Press | ✓ | |
| — | 伏地挺身 Push-Up | ✓ | |
背 Back
12 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 引體向上 Pull-Up 唯一有直接訓練證據的背部運動,在高階運動員中證實可訓練性;自由重量和機械式訓練的增肌效果相當,引體向上作為自由重量運動可… Only back exercise with direct training evidence showing tra… | — | |
| 2 | 滑輪下拉 Lat Pulldown 機械式訓練與自由重量增肌效果相當;對初學者更友善且可調整負重… Machine training shows equivalent hypertrophy to free weight… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 槓鈴划船 Barbell Row 自由重量運動,根據研究與機械式訓練增肌效果相當;可訓練中背部厚度… Free-weight exercise with equivalent hypertrophy to machines… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 傳統硬舉 Barbell Deadlift | — | |
| — | 滑輪過頂下拉 Cable Pullover | ✓ | |
| — | 胸靠式划船 Chest-Supported Row | ✓ | |
| — | 反握引體向上 Chin-Up | — | |
| — | 啞鈴划船 Dumbbell Row | ✓ | |
| — | 反向划船 Inverted Row | ✓ | |
| — | 坐姿滑輪划船 Seated Cable Row | ✓ | |
| — | 聳肩 Shrug | ✓ | |
| — | 直臂下壓 Straight-Arm Pulldown | ✓ | |
肩 Shoulders
8 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 側平舉 Lateral Raise 為側三角肌主要動作,8週介入直接測得肌肉厚度增長,且對中束EMG活化最高。… Primary lateral-deltoid mover with direct 8-week muscle-thic… | ✓ | |
| 2 | 滑輪側平舉 Cable Lateral Raise 與啞鈴側平舉在側三角肌肥大上等效(多變量貝式分析極強支持等價),提供更恆定張力。… Equivalent to dumbbell lateral raise for lateral-deltoid hyp… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 過頭推舉 Overhead Press 前三角肌活化最高(33.3% MVIC),中束亦高(27.9%),為前/中三角肌複合主要動作。… Highest anterior-deltoid activation (33.3% MVIC) and high me… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 阿諾肩推 Arnold Press | — | |
| — | 啞鈴肩推 Dumbbell Shoulder Press | ✓ | |
| — | 臉拉 Face Pull | ✓ | |
| — | 地雷管推舉 Landmine Press | ✓ | |
| — | 反向飛鳥 Reverse Fly | ✓ | |
手臂 Arms
10 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 啞鈴彎舉 Dumbbell Curl 在80% 1RM下二頭肌EMG振幅顯著高於Bayesian纜繩彎舉,且旋後握法能最大化二頭激活。… Produced significantly higher biceps EMG than the Bayesian c… | ✓ | |
| 2 | 槓鈴彎舉 Barbell Curl 直槓相較EZ槓在多數階段略微提升二頭EMG,且為主要屈肘負重動作。… Straight bar gave a slight EMG advantage over the EZ bar acr… | ✓ | |
| 4 | 滑輪彎舉 Cable Curl 二頭EMG顯著低於啞鈴彎舉,但纜繩提供拉長位置持續張力,可作為互補動作。… Lower biceps EMG than the dumbbell curl, but cable offers co… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 雙槓撐體 Dip | — | |
| — | 錘式彎舉 Hammer Curl | ✓ | |
| — | 上斜啞鈴彎舉 Incline Dumbbell Curl | ✓ | |
| — | 過頭三頭伸展 Overhead Triceps Extension | ✓ | |
| — | 牧師彎舉 Preacher Curl | ✓ | |
| — | 仰臥三頭伸展 Skull Crusher | — | |
| — | 三頭肌下壓 Triceps Pushdown | ✓ | |
股四頭 Quads
9 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 槓鈴深蹲 Barbell Back Squat 多項研究顯示深蹲對股四頭肌四個頭都有顯著增肌效果(VL效果最大,)。深蹲產生極高的膝關節負荷(23-27倍體重),確保股… Multiple studies show squats produce significant hypertrophy… | ✓ | |
| 2 | 腿推舉 Leg Press 腿推舉對股四頭肌整體增肌效果與膝伸展相當(+4.9% vs +7.1%),但提供額外的臀大肌(+15.4%)和內收大肌(… Leg press produces comparable overall quad hypertrophy to kn… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 腿伸展 Leg Extension 腿部伸展是唯一能有效針對股直肌的動作(+13.2% vs 腿推舉僅+1.1%)。對股四頭肌整體增肌效果良好(+7.1%)… Leg extension is the only exercise that effectively targets … | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 保加利亞分腿蹲 Bulgarian Split Squat | — | |
| — | 前蹲舉 Front Squat | — | |
| — | 高腳杯深蹲 Goblet Squat | ✓ | |
| — | 哈克深蹲 Hack Squat | ✓ | |
| — | 弓步蹲 Lunge | ✓ | |
| — | 登階 Step-Up | ✓ | |
腿後側 Hamstrings
8 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 北歐腿彎舉 Nordic Curl 多項 RCT 顯示 9 週增加總腿後肌體積 11.4%,股二頭肌筋膜長度增加 9%,選擇性增加半腱肌 24.3%。與羅馬… Multiple RCTs show 11.4% total hamstring volume increase in … | — | |
| 2 | 羅馬尼亞硬舉 Romanian Deadlift 6 週增加腿後肌 ACSA 約 10%,與北歐腿彎舉效果相當。直腿硬舉變式顯示選擇性增加半膜肌 11.2%,提供不同的區… ~10% hamstring ACSA increase in 6 weeks, equivalent to NHE. … | ✓ | |
| 3 | 俯臥腿彎舉 Lying Leg Curl 傳統版本顯示增加股二頭肌長頭鉸鏈角度(相較於飛輪版本)。雖然缺乏直接肥大 RCT 數據,但提供獨特的縮短位置刺激,補充其… Conventional version shows greater BFlh pennation angle incr… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 傳統硬舉 Barbell Deadlift | — | |
| — | 啞鈴羅馬尼亞硬舉 Dumbbell RDL | ✓ | |
| — | 早安運動 Good Morning | — | |
| — | 坐姿腿彎舉 Seated Leg Curl | ✓ | |
| — | 相撲硬舉 Sumo Deadlift | — | |
臀 Glutes
10 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 保加利亞分腿蹲 Bulgarian Split Squat 研究顯示軀幹前傾顯著增加臀大肌激活。上升階段激活度高於下降階段。使用不穩定負重 (水袋) 進一步增強激活… EMG shows trunk flexion significantly increases glute max ac… | — | |
| 2 | 槓鈴臀推 Hip Thrust 系統性回顧顯示中等效應量增強臀推特定力量 (Hedges'。但無長期肥大研究,且力量增益不轉移至深蹲或跳躍… Systematic review shows moderate effect for hip thrust-speci… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 槓鈴深蹲 Barbell Back Squat 多項 EMG 研究確認臀大肌參與,但一項 6 週研究顯示初學女性無臀肌增長,只有股四頭增長。可能需要更長訓練期… Multiple EMG studies confirm glute max involvement, but one … | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 滑輪後踢 Cable Kickback | ✓ | |
| — | 臀橋 Glute Bridge | ✓ | |
| — | 弓步蹲 Lunge | ✓ | |
| — | 反向背伸展 Reverse Hyperextension | ✓ | |
| — | 羅馬尼亞硬舉 Romanian Deadlift | ✓ | |
| — | 登階 Step-Up | ✓ | |
| — | 相撲硬舉 Sumo Deadlift | — | |
小腿 Calves
3 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 站姿提踵 Standing Calf Raise 8週離心提踵顯著增加內側腓腸肌厚度與肌束長度,是本組唯一具肌肥大直接證據的小腿主動作訓練。… 8 weeks of eccentric heel-drops significantly increased gast… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 坐姿提踵 Seated Calf Raise 膝屈曲提踵針對比目魚肌;證據源自MTSS膝屈曲測試與比目魚肌力/耐力關聯,肥大證據為間接。… Knee-flexed heel-rise targets the soleus; evidence is indire… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 驢式提踵 Donkey Calf Raise | ✓ | |
核心 Core
14 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 捲腹 Crunch 在四種腹部運動中,捲腹產生最大的腹直肌活化與淺層腹壁厚度增加,最直接針對腹直肌。… Among four abdominal exercises the crunch produced the great… | ✓ | |
| 2 | 棒式 Plank 腳置吊環、肘置Bosu的雙不穩定平板顯著提高上腹直肌EMG活化,優於穩定面與單一不穩定面。… Plank with feet on gymnastics rings and elbows on a Bosu (du… | ✓ | |
| 5 | 背伸展(羅馬椅) Back Extension (45°) 8週介入使豎脊肌最大等長收縮與啟動時序於組內顯著改善,但組間差異不顯著。… An 8-week protocol produced within-group improvement in erec… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 健腹輪 Ab Wheel Rollout | — | |
| — | 傳統硬舉 Barbell Deadlift | — | |
| — | 鳥狗式 Bird Dog | ✓ | |
| — | 滑輪捲腹 Cable Crunch | ✓ | |
| — | 死蟲式 Dead Bug | ✓ | |
| — | 農夫行走 Farmer's Walk | ✓ | |
| — | 懸吊舉腿 Hanging Leg Raise | — | |
| — | 帕洛夫推 Pallof Press | ✓ | |
| — | 伏地挺身 Push-Up | ✓ | |
| — | 反向背伸展 Reverse Hyperextension | ✓ | |
| — | 側棒式 Side Plank | ✓ | |
跳躍爆發力 Jump Power
5 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 跳箱 Box Jump 結合阻力訓練的複合式訓練顯著改善RSI和歐洲利用率(EUR)。相對安全的增強式選擇… Complex training with resistance shows significant RSI (d=0.… | ✓ | |
| 3 | 反向跳 Countermovement Jump 增強式訓練的基礎動作,多項統合分析顯示中到大效果量。可作為訓練動作也是評估指標… Fundamental plyometric exercise with moderate-to-large effec… | ✓ | |
| 1 | 深度跳 Depth Jump 多項研究顯示對反應力量指數(RSI)改善效果最大,且個體化箱高比固定45cm效果更好。專門針對快速牽張收縮循環… Multiple studies show largest improvements in reactive stren… | — | |
| 5 | 深蹲跳 Squat Jump 增強式訓練對深蹲跳有大且一致的效果, I²=0.5%)。純同心收縮動作,適合發展起始爆發力… Plyometric training shows large, consistent effects on SJ (g… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 立定跳遠 Broad Jump | ✓ | |
舉重爆發力 Lift Power
5 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 懸垂瞬發上搏 Hang Power Clean 發力翻鎖定力-速度曲線的低至中速高力區,是發展爆發性三關節伸展的核心動作。… Targets the low-to-moderate velocity, high-force region of t… | — | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 抓舉 Snatch | — | |
| — | 挺舉 Clean & Jerk | — | |
| — | 瞬發上搏 Power Clean | — | |
| — | 借力推舉 Push Press | — | |
投擲爆發力 Throw Power
3 exercises| # | 動作Exercise | 新手Beginner | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 壺鈴擺盪 Kettlebell Swing 12週訓練提升跳躍高度6.8-12.9%,但缺乏與其他動作的直接比較研究,且女性效果較差… 12-week protocol improved CMJ height 6.8-12.9%, but lacks di… | ✓ | |
| 2 | 藥球投擲 Medicine Ball Throws 多項研究證實6-8週訓練可顯著提升投擲力量(),且能轉移至運動專項表現… Multiple studies show 6-8 weeks significantly improves throw… | ✓ | |
| 其他動作(無研究排名) Other exercises (no research ranking) | |||
| — | 戰繩 Battle Rope | ✓ | |